The present volume entitled Contemporary Educational Challenges is a joint project of sociologists and philosophers from the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin and the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University in Kyiv. The range of presented educational questions is broad; starting from general considerations on intercultural differences in the process of upbringing with reference to cultures of the East and West and issues of macro- and micro-social analysis of pedagogical discourse, to more detailed studies of health education in Poland and philosophical counselling. The book contains two texts concerned with an issue of particular importance the principles of the Bologna Process and their implementation both in Ukraine and Poland, and articles on Polish students abroad and foreign (mostly Ukrainian and Belarusian) students in Poland.